The increase in demand of complementary therapies health essay

The increase in demand of antonymous therapies health essayThe purposed purpose of this study is to explore nursing students knowledge on the do of non-pharmacological treatment for pain in the hospital setting. The study leave as well explore the types of completing therapies economic consumption to alleviate pain at the main topical anesthetic government run, general hospital, assessing nursing students knowledge and perception on complementary and their use and to identify possible benefits and contraindications in the use of complementary therapies.The proposed quantifiable research will be used as data solicitation through a self-importance administered questionnaire. flurry of ContentsPage human action Page iAbstract 2 dodge of Contents 3List of tables 51. Introduction 62. Background to the study2.1 rendering of antonymous and Alternative therapies 72.2 Defining acupuncture 92.3 Types of Acupuncture Techniques 92.4 Mechanisms of Action of Acupuncture 102.5 Clinical Applications and Efficacy 102.5 Research Issues 123. The Research Method3.1 Aim and Objectives 133.2 The Research Design 133.3 The Population 133.4 Sampling Technique 143.5 Method of Data collection 153.6 Research Tool 153.7 Data Analysis 154. Ethical Consideration 16Reference List 17Time scale of measurement and Budget 18List of tables Page parry 1 List of Complementary Therapies 8Table 2 Contraindications to the use of acupuncture 11Table 3 Adverse effects of acupuncture 12IntroductionComplementary Therapies open established a ordain in health c are and have developed rapidly over the past ten long time in terms of recognition, acceptance and use (Peters et al, 2002). Integrating complementary therapies with stuffy medicine presents a challenge to all sectors of health care, but specifically to nurses who are at the forefront of providing patient care, health education and information (Chu and Wallis, 2007).The review of the proposed study identifies a number of these therap ies but it explores only one in particular analyzing its prevalence and use, and exploring its perceived efficacy and safety and nursing students attitudes towards it.Pertinent research and reviewing of articles for this review were seek from within the Faculty of health Sciences and Medical School Library, using Cumulative Index of nursing and Allied health belles-lettres (CINAHL), EBSCO host and Medline and the University of Dublin website. talk abstracts, and books that were relevant to the study were also examined. Keywords utilized for searches acknowledged complementary, therapies, alternative, attitudes, nursing students, acupuncture, pain management.Due to the increase in demand of complementary therapies, numerous articles have been compose on the subject throughout the years, especially in the last decade. The amount of research available varies depending on the therapy in question. Very few local studies were encountered regarding complementary therapies, as a mat ter of fact, at the main local government run, general hospital, only one type of complementary therapy is acknowledged.Background to the study2.1 Definition of Complementary and Alternative therapiesComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) encompasses a wide range of therapeutic procedures and philosophies that are not traditionally viewed to be part of conventional medicine (Smith, G.D, 2009)The Cochrane Complementary medicinal drug Field within the Cochrane Library de beauteouss complementary therapies as a broad domain of healing resources that comprises all the healthcare systems and practices their accomp any(prenominal) theories and beliefs.The World wellness Organization defined Complementary Alternative Modalities (CAM) as a comprehensive term used to confabulate to both traditional aesculapian systems such as Traditional Chinese Medicine, Indian ayurveda and Arabic unami medicine and to various forms of native medicine (WHO, 2004)Thus, the words complementary and alternative empennage, and often do, refer to the same therapy, product, or practitioner. It is the context of use that changes an alternative therapy into a complementary one. The term describes health care practices such as those shown in Table 1.Table 1 List of Complementary Therapies (Alphabetical order) shiatsu (Shiatsu)Colonic hydrotherapyIridologyPIP ScansAcupunctureColour therapyJuice TherapyRaw Vegetable Juice TherapyAlexander proficiencyCounsellingKinesiologyReflexologyAllergy testingCraniosacral TherapyLight therapyReikiAromatherapyDream TherapyLight Touch therapyRolfingArt therapyEye Movement Desensitization ReprocessingEMDRMagnotherapyShiatsu (Acupressure)Auricular Acupuncture enjoymentMarma therapySpiritual counsellingAustralian F minusculeer Essences therapyGuided ImageryMassage therapyStress managementAutogenicsHealingMedical HerbalismSwimming therapyAyurvedic medicineHealth ClubsMeta-AromatherapyTai ChiBach Flower remediesHealth ScreeningMicrowave Resonance therap yTENS therapyBee Venom therapyHerbal medicineMusic therapyT.C.M. Traditional Chinese MedicineBowen TechniqueHomoeopathyNaturopathyTranscendental MeditationBiofeedbackHumourNutritional therapyTragerworkChelation TherapyHydrotherapyOsteopathyVegetable Juice TherapyChiropracticHypnotherapyOxygen therapyYogaChinese Herbal Medicine (T.C.M.)Indian division MassagePanchakarma therapy2.2 Defining AcupunctureAcupuncture is a complementary therapy that is being increasingly used in the day-to-day management of pain. It originated in China, over 3000 years ago and is practiced worldwide (Wilkinson, J. Faleiro, R., 2007).Locally, in the main local government run, general hospital, Acupuncture is the only complementary therapy to be officially used in alleviating physical pain. Other therapies such as Exercise, Counseling, Music Therapy and others are used for various other reasons in combination with conventional medicine.Acupuncture involves the intro of fine sterilized needles through the skin at specific point (called acupoints) and is one of the key components in traditional Chinese medicine (Chen, L., 2005). A major arrogance is Traditional Chinese Medicine is that health is achieved by maintaining the body in a balanced state and that disease is as a result of an intragroup imbalance of yin and yang (Wilkinson, J. Faleiro, R., 2007).There are five main techniques practiced. Dry needling is probably the most common but electro acupuncture (EA) possesses the most promising research endorsement.2.3 Types of Acupuncture TechniquesMoxibustionMoxibustion involves the burning of mugwort, a small, spongy herb, to facilitate healing. It is applied onto the needle over the acupoints.Laser acupunctureA fine low-energy laser beam is directed onto the acupoint.AcupressureIn Acupressure, pressure is used to stimulate the acupoints. This can be in the form of a bracelet or strap. Such method is commonly used to alleviate motion sickness.2.4 Mechanisms of Action of Acupunctu reAlan K. Halperin, M.D in his article Acupuncture in Pain Management writes that according to Chinese acupuncture theory, there are over 300 acupunture points on the body that connect to 12 principal and 8 secondary pathways called meridians. These pathways conduct energy force, Qi throughout the entire body. Health is maintained by the unobstructed flow of Qi that regulates the physical, mental and spiritual balance. In addition, the opposing forces of yin and yang regulate all organs. When the entire system is in balance, best health occurs. Disease occurs when there are obstructions to the flow of Qi, deficient or axcessive Qi, or when there is an imbalance of yin and yang.2.5 Clinical Applications and EfficacyResearch shows that Acupuncture can be used in virtually any medical condition, but most Americans use it for pain control (Halperin, 2005). Such pain controls are for osteoarthritis, headache, degenerative neck and lower back pain. Studies conducted on the subject also revealed that the mentioned complementary therapy is often seen as a last resort for pain relief. This creates adverse selection bias, leaving acupuncture as an option only for those patients who fail to respond to all other methods and can create unrealistic expectations from patients (Wilkinson, J. Faleiro, R., 2007).There are also many pain conditions which have demonstrated improvement with acupuncture. These include lateral epicondylitis, peripheral neuropathy, temporomandibular disorders, phantom limb pain, chronic pelvic pain, irritable bowel syndrome and Crohns Disease.Literature shows that although acupuncture has gained much professional recognition, its applications and over all efficacies remains a subject of debate (Chen, 2005). Even so, the risk of serious events associated with acupuncture treatments is quite low (Halperin, 2005).The National Institute of Health (NIH) consensus panel on acupuncture in the United States states that the documented occurrence of adverse events in the practice of acupuncture is exceedingly low. Nevertheless, Acupuncture is technically an invasive procedure with the most common reported complication being bruising or bleeding at the needle insertion site, followed by the transient vasovagal response. Other complications might include infection, dermatitis, and broken needle fragments. In some cases contraindications and adverse effects listed in Table 2 and Table 3 might occurTable 2 Contraindications to the use of acupunctureAbsolute ContraindicationsRelative ContraindicationsNeedle PhobiaPregnancy avoid any points cognize to stimulate uterine contractilitySevere bleeding diathesis lays over nipples, umbilicus, and major vessels are forbidden by conventional textsInability to remain still for treatmentPoint over infant fontanelSystemic SepsisApplication during menses (less effective)Unco-operative hallucinating, delusions, etc.If patient is on corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, or narcosis (less effective)Cellul itisAnticoagulant drugsBurnsUlcerationEA do not apply over heart or brain. Do not apply in region of pacemaker or implanted medical pump.Table 3 Adverse effects of acupuncturePneumothoraxLocal painCardiac tamponadeBruisingNeurovascular damageBleedingInfectionHematoma formationMetal allergic reaction2.6 Research IssuesLittle research was found with regards to nursing students perception on Complementary Therapies. Moreover on Acupuncture and its use in pain management. It is proposed that the this persuasion should be explored more in detail by conducting a small-scale research study on the subject.Two separate studies were conducted addressing nursing students knowledge and attitudes on Complementary Therapies. One of which was a quantitative study conducted in Britain and it investigated the use of CAM in cancer and palliative care and another study was conducted in southern Taiwan exploring student nurses knowledge, attitude and behavior toward Chinese Medicine.More medical res earch than nursing research exists in complementary therapies, mainly in randomized-controlled trials. However, this area is still poorly researched compares with conventional medicine (Nahin Straus, 2001).The Research Method3.1 Aim of the studyThe proposed aim of this study is to explore nursing students perception on the use of non-pharmacological treatment for pain in the hospital setting.3.2 The Objectives of the studyThe proposed objectives of this study are toIdentify the types of complementary and alternative therapies used to alleviate pain at the local government run, general hospital (Mater Dei Hospital).Identify nursing students knowledge and perception on complementary andalternative therapies and their use.Identify possible benefits and contraindications in the use of complementarytherapies.3.3 The Research DesignIt is proposed that a quantitative research approach is used for the purpose of this study. This means in quantitative research your aim is to determine the alliance between one thing (an independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a people. Quantitative research designs are either descriptive (subjects usually measured once) or experimental (subjects measured before and after a treatment). A descriptive study establishes only associations between variables (Hopkins, 2000). It is also proposed to use a descriptive approach Descriptive research design is a scientific method which involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any way. This is so as to explore nursing students own perceptions, views and knowledge on the subject.The research setting is the physical location and conditions in which data collection takes place in a study (Polit and Beck, 2006). It is proposed that for the purpose of this study, the leading government run hospital in Malta which hosts the Faculty of Health Sciences lecture rooms will be chosen as the research location for the completion of th is study.3.4 The Population and Sampling TechniqueAccording to Cormack (2000), Target Population refers to all of the people that the researcher wishes to include in his / her study. The proposed population of this study will be student nurses following an undergraduate course in Nursing Studies. The target population will be second year Diploma and Degree in Nursing Studies students within the Faculty of Health Sciences.Sampling is the portion of the defined population who are selected by the researcher to participate in the study in order to collect data. The researcher strives to get data from the sample which will reflect all the characteristics of that population (Cormack, 2000).The participants have to fulfill all of the inclusion criteria, where candidates are proposed to beFull time student nurses following an undergraduate course at the Faculty of Health Sciences20 years of age and olderSecond year studentBe willing to participate in the studyThe exclusion criteria will be candidates whoStudents who refuse to participate in the studyYounger than 20 years of age3.5 Method of Data CollectionData collection in quantitative studies may be achieved by various methods such as questionnaires, interviews and observations (Polit and Beck, 2006). A questionnaire may be considered as the most appropriate tool for data collection, since it offers the curtain raising of complete anonymity. A questionnaire helps to avoid bias which can happen in the presence of the interviewer, by reflecting the participants reaction to the interviewer (Polit and Beck, 2006).As the method of choice for data collection is not yet ready, it is proposed that a self-administered with close and open ended questions questionnaire be utilized requiring a yes or no answer or completion of a question.3.6 Research ToolThe research tool for this study is yet to be provided. It will be developed by the novice researcher and based on the aim and objectives of the study.3.7 Data AnalysisResults of the findings will be presented either in the form of graphs or pie charts.Ethical ConsiderationsConsent to carry out the research will be sought and obtained from the University of Malta Research Ethics Committee and the Faculty of Health Sciences Dissertation Panel. In order to ensure that participants of the study would not be subject to any harm, anonymity will be held throughout the study. In order to maintain privacy, for those participant who dont wish to complete the questionnaire in the presence of piers a self addressed enveloped will be give incurring any expenses from the participant. Participants may also abstain from taking part in the study. A participation earn will be handed, explaining the nature of the study to the participants. Since the researcher might know any participant, a blank envelope will be handed.